Membrane-raws li seawater desalination technology yog sawv cev los ntawm thim rov qab osmosis. Nws txoj hauv paus ntsiab lus suav nrog kev siv lub zog siab los tsav cov dej hiav txwv los ntawm ib nrab -permeable membrane, cais cov dej molecules los ntawm ntsev ions. Vim yog lub siab osmotic siab ntawm dej hiav txwv, lub kaw lus yuav tsum muaj lub siab - lub twj tso kua mis siab kom txaus siab (feem ntau 5-8 MPa), nrog rau siab -desalination- cov ntaub ntawv membrane (xws li cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw polyamide). Qhov zoo ntawm cov thev naus laus zis no yog kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg thiab muaj zog modularity, ua rau nws siv cov thev naus laus zis thoob plaws ntiaj teb.
Thermal seawater desalination technologies feem ntau muaj xws li multi-theem flash evaporation (MSF) thiab multi-effect distillation (MED). Cov thev naus laus zis no ua kom sov dej hiav txwv kom vaporize nws, tom qab ntawd condense nws mus rau hauv dej tshiab, ua tiav kev sib cais ntawm brine. MSF txhim kho kev ua tau zoo los ntawm ntau-theem txo-siab flash evaporation, thaum MED siv ntau-theem evaporators kom rov siv lub zog cua sov. Cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis tsim nyog rau kev koom ua ke nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob pov tseg hluav taws xob lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob pov tseg, tab sis lawv muaj kev siv hluav taws xob ntau thiab xav tau cov cuab yeej loj -.
Lwm cov technologies uas tshwm sim muaj xws li electrodialysis, forward osmosis, thiab hybrid txheej txheem. Electrodialysis siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob los tsav ions los ntawm ion- pauv cov membranes rau kev sib cais, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau kev kho dej tsis qab -salinity. Forward osmosis siv osmotic siab sib txawv los tsav dej tsiv teb tsaws. Cov txheej txheem hybrid muab cov txheej txheem membrane nrog cov txheej txheem thermal lossis pretreatment technologies txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua tau zoo thiab ruaj khov.
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem engineering, seawater desalination technology kuj muaj xws li tseem ceeb pretreatment thiab lub zog rov qab technologies. Piv txwv li, pretreatment txoj kev xws li xuab zeb pom thiab ultrafiltration txo fouling loads thiab ncua lub neej ntawm daim nyias nyias; Cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob rov qab (ERD) rov qab lub zog siab ntawm cov concentrated brine, txo qis kev siv zog ua haujlwm. Zuag qhia tag nrho, seawater desalination thev naus laus zis yog qhov kev kho dej dav dav hauv nruab nrab ntawm kev rov qab osmosis thiab ntxiv los ntawm kev ua kom zoo ntawm ntau yam txheej txheem.